{"id":16504,"date":"2011-05-24T09:06:06","date_gmt":"2011-05-24T13:06:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=16504"},"modified":"2016-01-05T11:52:12","modified_gmt":"2016-01-05T16:52:12","slug":"a-sweet-girl-in-ghana-managing-type-1-diabetes-in-western-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=16504","title":{"rendered":"A Sweet Girl in Ghana: Managing Type 1 Diabetes in Western Africa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>For many years my husband, children, and I traveled back and forth to Ghana from our home in New Jersey.\u00a0 It gave our three children a chance to meet my husband&#8217;s Ghanaian family and to learn about life in another part of the world.\u00a0 And while our children loved the trips to Ghana, when we made the decision to move here, I knew it wouldn\u2019t be easy for them, and I knew it wouldn&#8217;t be easy for me.\u00a0 I came from a world of shopping malls, movie theaters, and fast food.\u00a0 And people who look like me \u2013 a tall, overly outspoken, sarcastic, cynical, middle-aged white woman &#8211; are not the norm in Ghana.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The kids adapted quickly.\u00a0 They made friends easily, and I could hear the cadence in their voices changing to the melodic Ghanaian rhythm.\u00a0 They played football under the African sun with local children who didn\u2019t care whether or not they had shin guards or even shoes, a ball was all that mattered.\u00a0 Alexandra, at seven and our youngest child, was as involved with sports as her older brothers were (and more fierce, if truth be told).\u00a0 Living in a summer-like climate year round, the children were nearly always outside.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">But then we began to notice dramatic changes in Alex.\u00a0 Instead of her usual firecracker-like self, she was about as active as the doll she clutched.\u00a0 She wouldn\u2019t take a walk to the store (even for a treat), wasn\u2019t willing to sit up and play Runescape on the computer and she didn\u2019t want to play with her brothers.\u00a0 She wouldn\u2019t even fight with her brothers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For what seemed like days on end she lay on the couch, watching DVDs or cartoons.\u00a0 She got up for nothing and no one.\u00a0 If you asked her a question, she\u2019d look at you as if through a fog.\u00a0 Simply put, she was lethargic.\u00a0 I\u2019d say that word again and again and again in the days that followed \u2013 it was the perfect word to describe her \u2013 though my husband hated it.\u00a0 She had no energy, except to get up to pee, or to take another sachet of water from the fridge.\u00a0 She had been like this for a week, maybe more; my husband pointed out to me the boniness of her spine. (Why had I not seen it earlier?)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I Googled lethargy and weight loss, and Alex&#8217;s other symptoms\u2013 frequent urination, unquenchable thirst.\u00a0 I wished I hadn\u2019t.\u00a0 Diabetes, diabetes, diabetes.\u00a0 It all pointed to one clear outcome, but I didn\u2019t dare share it with my husband, Sylvester.\u00a0 If it was diabetes, he needed to hear it from a doctor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ghana has a cash-and-carry medical system.\u00a0 You can go to wherever you want, so long as you\u2019ve got the cedis to pay the bill- up front, in most cases.\u00a0 We went to Phillips Clinic, which was recommended by the U.S. Embassy staff.\u00a0 We didn\u2019t have to wait long to accomplish the preliminary stuff with the nurse, and in only a few minutes we joined the queue for the doctor.\u00a0 Of course, during that time Alex had to pee.\u00a0 I saved it in a cup, pretty certain that it was going to be necessary.\u00a0 Alex thought it was funny \u2013 she\u2019s got terrible aim.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">We only needed to spend a few minutes with the doctor before he sent us to the lab across the hall.\u00a0 They took our urine sample, poked her finger and drew some blood.\u00a0 The technician showed me something (I know now it was a glucose meter); it read HI.\u00a0 I don\u2019t know how high her sugar was then, only that it was unreadable on the meter and her urine ketones were ++++.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The diagnosis came, <em>diabetes mellitus<\/em>, but not with certainty.\u00a0 Being only a general practitioner, the doctor wasn&#8217;t able to treat Alex and he had to refer us elsewhere. \u00a0Pediatric endocrinology is not a specialty practiced in Ghana, and the next best thing to an expert was Dr. Lorna Awo Renner, the head of the children\u2019s block at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, the capital city.\u00a0 So that\u2019s where we headed.\u00a0 But not until the next day.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For whatever reason (though I now believe that Ghanaian doctors tend to avoid \u201cscaring\u201d a patient), urgency was never voiced.\u00a0 No explanation of how time was of the essence, or how quickly Alex&#8217;s condition could become critical given her high sugar level and the large ketones in her blood.\u00a0 We went home to regroup.\u00a0 In retrospect, we were very lucky the night was uneventful.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The next morning, unsure of where exactly we were headed, we made our way through Accra.\u00a0 Have you ever been stuck in a traffic jam inside a major city?\u00a0 Well, this is nothing like that.\u00a0 Yes, there are too many cars and not enough roadways, but here there are also people who dart between the slow-moving cars.\u00a0 They are known as hawkers, and they carry huge bowls atop their heads from which they sell water, plantain chips, candy, tissue boxes, exercise equipment, mouse traps, gum, ice cream, and more.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Private cars, taxis and local mini vans (called tro tros) inched slowly along, most with windows opened wide.\u00a0 I watched passengers mop sweat from their faces while beckoning a pure water seller to come.\u00a0 Some lucky individuals sat inside air conditioned splendor.\u00a0 We were not among them; we endured the heat and the smell of fumes and the constant staring by the hawkers who were sure we\u2019d buy something from them.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nearly two hours after we set off from our home, we arrived at <a href=\"http:\/\/kbff.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Korle-Bu<\/a>, only 25 miles away. The elevator to Dr. Renner\u2019s floor was not working.\u00a0 (We\u2019d later learn that it hardly ever worked.)\u00a0 Alex looked at the steps and started to cry.\u00a0 She couldn\u2019t climb them, she said.\u00a0 Sylvester picked her up in his arms like a baby and we walked up four flights.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dr. Renner greeted us in the hallway.\u00a0 She was a woman about my age (late 40s), dressed in a traditional wax-print outfit, neat as a pin and bustling with efficiency, professionalism and concern.\u00a0\u00a0 She told Sylvester to carry Alex upstairs to the nurses\u2019 station in the children\u2019s ward for a weigh-in.\u00a0 She was only forty pounds, closer to the weight of a toddler than a seven-year-old girl.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dr. Renner read the note from our doctor, and perhaps under the assumption we\u2019d already been briefed on what to expect, told me to grab my purse and she\u2019d show us where \u201cwe\u201d would be staying.\u00a0 \u201cWe?\u201d\u00a0 \u201cStaying?\u201d\u00a0 I really should have Googled further.\u00a0 I thought they\u2019d give us some medicine and we\u2019d be sent home. \u00a0I wasn\u2019t alone in my na\u00efvet\u00e9.\u00a0 My husband was also surprised (<em>shocked<\/em> was more like it) to learn Alex and I would be there for a few days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As a private pay patient Alex would not have to stay in the regular children\u2019s ward, so she was assigned to the Amenity Ward.\u00a0 What set the Amenity Ward apart were curtains between the beds, a small refrigerator, a sink, and access to a private (locked) toilet and shower down the hallway.\u00a0 What designated our area as a children\u2019s area were the grotesquely disproportionate cartoon characters drawn on the wall.\u00a0 There was nothing else that suggested that children would be cared for there; no toys, no children\u2019s books, nothing.\u00a0 The cost for the Amenity Ward was equivalent to about $8 per day.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">While Alex and I waited for her bed to be readied, Sylvester had his own assignments.\u00a0 First, he had to head to the main lab to pay for the blood work that Alex would need.\u00a0 He\u2019d pick up the empty vials so that a doctor could draw her blood (there was no way Alex could have walked to the lab, nearly 1\/8th of a mile away).\u00a0 Then he had to return the filled vials for analysis.\u00a0 Eventually, we\u2019d learn that Alex\u2019s very first HbA1c was 14.7%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Next, he was given a list of things he had to buy, immediately.\u00a0 They included a glucose meter, glucose strips, insulin, syringes and saline. He had to find and buy everything, get it all back to me, then drive home, pack our belongings, bring them to us, and return home \u2013 all before Alex\u2019s older brothers got home from school.\u00a0 At Korle-Bu you must supply your own soap, shampoo, toilet paper, sheets, towels, and washcloths.\u00a0 We also needed entertainment; my laptop with a single movie (The Wizard of Oz), some games, books, crayons, toys and a cell phone would have to suffice.\u00a0 And we needed Simon, Alex\u2019s doll.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/yes-i-am-cute-alex.jpg\" rel=\"mfp\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16514 lazyload\" title=\"yes i am cute alex\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/yes-i-am-cute-alex.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"544\" height=\"408\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/yes-i-am-cute-alex.jpg 604w, https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/yes-i-am-cute-alex-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/yes-i-am-cute-alex-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">While we waited for my husband to return with our things, the nurse came in to give Alex her first insulin injection.\u00a0 The nurse offered me the syringe and vial, and I deferred on that injection, knowing that it wouldn\u2019t ever be an option again.\u00a0 <em>\u201cShe\u2019ll have to do this for the rest of her life\u201d<\/em> kept popping into my head.\u00a0 I remember it was all I could do not to cry.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">During our first night there, the Korle-Bu nurses came in every two hours to check Alex\u2019s blood sugar on <em>our<\/em> glucose meter. (I learned later that they didn\u2019t have a glucose meter in the ward.)\u00a0 Every four hours they were there to give her more insulin.\u00a0 Alex remained on a drip for 36 hours, dragging the IV pole with her down the hall to the bathroom.\u00a0 She was only disconnected from the drip long enough to take a (cold water) bucket bath.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To get to the shower room we had to pass through the children&#8217;s ward, a large, ugly room fitted with a dozen cribs for the patients; the mothers (in most cases) slept on the floor beside the cribs. The first night, as we passed through to the bathroom, we were clearly an object of curiosity to the other mothers.\u00a0 Surely, no <em>obroni<\/em> (white person) would be at Korle-Bu if she had a choice.\u00a0 Eventually, though, they accepted me for what I was, a mother, just like them, taking care of her very sick child.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It was a long first night.\u00a0 Alex\u2019s glucose meter stopped saying HI but never budged below 600 mg\/dl.\u00a0 In my mind I kept returning to our conversation with Dr. Renner, \u201cHer sugar level should be between 70 and 140.\u201d\u00a0 Was that even achievable?\u00a0 I had to wonder.\u00a0 After 12 hours it finally budged.\u00a0 In fact, it did more than budge; at 3 a.m., it plummeted to 52 mg\/dl. I called the nurse who asked if I had any candy?\u00a0 A Mars Bar.\u00a0 Would that work?\u00a0 She \u201cthought\u201d so, so I woke up Alex and force-fed her a chocolate bar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The next morning, ready or not, I had to begin learning to take care of my own daughter in a whole new way.\u00a0 I read the instruction manual for the glucose meter, became comfortable with it, and checked her faithfully, on the schedule the doctor recommended.\u00a0 I drew up the insulin through the syringe under the careful eye of the nurse and then injected my daughter.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As someone who\u2019d undergone IVF treatment, I knew how to handle a syringe.\u00a0 I thought I knew how to give an injection.\u00a0 I thought wrong.\u00a0 Injecting insulin is nothing like injecting Pergonal, which requires a wrist-flicking movement much like a professional dart player.\u00a0 And the syringes are very different sizes.\u00a0 I hurt Alex.\u00a0 She cried.\u00a0 I cried.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">There was no one to help me figure out which foods were okay for Alex.\u00a0 I gave her fresh pineapple from a street vendor \u2013 amazingly sweet and juicy \u2013 and her sugar skyrocketed.\u00a0 The nurse yelled at me.\u00a0 \u00a0I had an internet connection so in the middle of the night I began to Google and I found <a href=\"http:\/\/childrenwithdiabetes.com\" target=\"_blank\">Children With Diabetes<\/a>.\u00a0 I had so many questions.\u00a0 Parents who understood my situation explained everything to me, about sugar-free foods and carbs, and about how insulin works.\u00a0 I learned more from my new cyber friends, than the nurses (at Korle-Bu, anyway) will ever know.\u00a0 All told, Alex (and I) spent five nights in the hospital, with my husband and Alex\u2019s brothers coming every day to visit.\u00a0 With the exception of a single visit to the hospital nutritionist, who\u00a0 suggested restricting Alex\u2019s diet in a way that she\u2019d never have grown, the days were uneventful.\u00a0 Time passed as we tried, not quite successfully, to stabilize Alex&#8217;s vastly fluctuating sugar levels.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The conditions in Korle-Bu, a government-owned hospital, are not nice, even in the Amenity Ward.\u00a0 The sink water doesn\u2019t always run \u2013 certainly it\u2019s not drinkable, and I kept bottled water next to our bed.\u00a0 During a heavy rainstorm late one night, the ceiling leaked in the hallway, creating a mini lake just outside the door to our room.\u00a0 I had to walk through it to get to the nurses\u2019 station.\u00a0 The puddle was still there in the morning \u2013 no janitor on duty to clean it up.\u00a0 I could hear conversations quite clearly taking place in the hallway because beside the door was a giant, screened window.\u00a0 And the room was bright day and night, because the hallway lights were always lit.\u00a0 Because Korle-Bu is a teaching hospital, the best in the country (even underfunded as it is), at any time of the day or night we might have a half dozen interns coming in to check on us, and asking questions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">By our final day in Korle-Bu I couldn\u2019t wait to get out, for us to go home and figure it all out for ourselves.\u00a0 The nurses really hadn\u2019t done anything for us in the last two days, but they couldn\u2019t discharge us because the Billing Office wasn\u2019t open over the weekend.\u00a0 And so we waited until Monday.\u00a0 Finally, we got the bill, equivalent to $75.\u00a0 With everything Alex had needed during those five days, we spent about $350 in total, the glucose meter (without strips) being the highest priced item at $100.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">We\u2019ve come a long, long way since Korle-Bu.\u00a0 Alex has gone from being on Mixtard (now, no longer used) and Humulin R injections at diagnosis to twice-a-day injections of Humalog 70\/30.\u00a0 From there, with guidance from my cyber support group, I asked for Alex to be switched to an MDI regimen using Lantus and Humalog.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/alexpump.jpg\" rel=\"mfp\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-16512 lazyload\" title=\"alex&amp;pump\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/alexpump.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"290\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/alexpump.jpg 200w, https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/alexpump-166x300.jpg 166w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\" \/><\/a>Not long after Alex\u2019s diagnosis, Dr. Renner held a patient support group meeting.\u00a0 Of 25 type 1 children in the room, Alex was only one of three with her own glucose meter.\u00a0 I was shocked, but Dr. Renner confirmed that most parents in Ghana can\u2019t afford to buy one, much less the expensive strips that are necessary to make it useful.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">That meeting was eye-opening, and very humbling.\u00a0 I had access to support channels outside of the country that gave me wisdom and courage.\u00a0 I had money to buy what I needed to keep my daughter alive, but those families had nothing.\u00a0 I was appalled, so I put out an appeal.\u00a0 And the wonderful parents who make up the Children With Diabetes (CWD) community came through with donations of new glucose meters and strips, syringes, ketone strips, alcohol swabs, whatever they could spare.\u00a0 All told, 25 goody bags were donated to Dr. Renner for her type 1 diabetes patients.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">And thanks to the generosity of still more very kind people, Alex was given an insulin pump.\u00a0 For the last 9 months, she has been pumping untethered, getting her bolus insulin through a gently used Animas 1250.\u00a0 Soon, she\u2019s going to be Pinging, thanks to the fundraising efforts of one very stubborn, very wonderful CWD mother who hated the idea that Alex didn\u2019t have a back-up pump and might have to go back to MDI.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Regardless, whether on MDI or pumping, I consider Alex to be one of the luckiest kids in the world.\u00a0 If she were born to other parents here in Ghana, she might not have seen her first anniversary with diabetes.\u00a0 Now she&#8217;s approaching her third, and thriving.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The conditions in Korle-Bu, a government-owned hospital, are poor.  The sink water doesn&#8217;t always run.  Late one night during a heavy rainstorm, the ceiling leaked&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":16508,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1430],"tags":[325,20,1069],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.9 (Yoast SEO v22.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A Sweet Girl in Ghana: Managing Type 1 Diabetes in Western Africa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In Korle-Bu, a government-owned hospital, the sink water doesn\u2019t always run and you must supply your own glucose meter, which most patients can&#039;t afford.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=16504\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Barbara Zigah\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=16504\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=16504\",\"name\":\"A Sweet Girl in Ghana: Managing Type 1 Diabetes in Western Africa\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=16504#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=16504#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/Alex1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-05-24T13:06:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-01-05T16:52:12+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/#\/schema\/person\/4e8b0db9529f00e6cce11646d5650fb3\"},\"description\":\"In Korle-Bu, a government-owned hospital, the sink water doesn\u2019t always run and you must supply your own glucose meter, which most patients can't afford.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=16504#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=16504\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=16504#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/Alex1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/Alex1.jpg\",\"width\":570,\"height\":428},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=16504#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"A Sweet Girl in Ghana: Managing Type 1 Diabetes in Western Africa\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/\",\"name\":\"ASweetLife\",\"description\":\"The Diabetes Magazine\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/#\/schema\/person\/4e8b0db9529f00e6cce11646d5650fb3\",\"name\":\"Barbara Zigah\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c8741f818a68657a0b606b418c1f3a6f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c8741f818a68657a0b606b418c1f3a6f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Barbara Zigah\"},\"description\":\"Barbara Zigah is a New Jersey-born freelance financial writer and editor living in Ghana, W. Africa with her husband and 3 children. Her daughter Alexandra was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes on June 25th, 2008 at the age of 7. She considers Alex luckier than most children with type 1 diabetes here, who don\u2019t have access to the necessities they need to live, much less to thrive. Her goal is to ensure that every child in Ghana is given the same chance that her Sweet Girl enjoys. 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