{"id":52038,"date":"2020-03-27T10:12:40","date_gmt":"2020-03-27T14:12:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=52038"},"modified":"2020-03-27T10:36:22","modified_gmt":"2020-03-27T14:36:22","slug":"is-obesity-a-risk-factor-for-worse-covid-19-outcomes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=52038","title":{"rendered":"Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Worse COVID-19 Outcomes?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Is obesity one of the least talked-about risk factors for severe complications from COVID-19?<\/p>\n<p>The data is not yet overwhelming, but an increasing number of <a href=\"https:\/\/drsue.ca\/2020\/03\/is-obesity-a-risk-factor-for-more-severe-covid-19-infection\/\">doctors<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.scientificamerican.com\/observations\/the-poor-and-marginalized-will-be-the-hardest-hit-by-coronavirus\/\">public health experts<\/a> are beginning to ask aloud how significant obesity is as a risk factor for complications from the coronavirus.<\/p>\n<p>The CDC already <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/specific-groups\/people-at-higher-risk.html\">considers<\/a> people of any age with morbid obesity (defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or above) as a \u201chigher risk\u201d population. But are people who are merely categorized as overweight or obese \u2013 about 70% of the adults in the United States \u2013 also at increased risk of severe COVID-19 complications?<\/p>\n<p>The most dramatic evidence comes from a <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32120458\/?from_single_result=%28%28COVID%29+AND+BMI%29\">study<\/a> of 112 Chinese COVID-19 patients, in which remarkable difference in disease outcomes based on BMI was found. 17 of the 112 patients died, and 15 of those patients were overweight (88%), whereas only 18 of the 95 survivors were overweight (19%).<\/p>\n<p>This week, the United Kingdom\u2019s National Health Service found that over three-quarters of COVID-19 patients in intensive care are overweight. This data was less striking \u2013 62% of the nation is <a href=\"https:\/\/commonslibrary.parliament.uk\/research-briefings\/sn03336\/\">categorized as overweight<\/a> \u2013 but still prompted much commentary:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Quite a number of us had warmed about how our diet is killing us. The stats show that almost 2\/3rds of critically ill coronavirus patients are overweight. <br \/>Another critical focal point once we get COVID done <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/DrAseemMalhotra?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@DrAseemMalhotra<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/JoannaBlythman?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@JoannaBlythman<\/a>  <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/NZLiiDJqKT\">https:\/\/t.co\/NZLiiDJqKT<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Prof Chris Elliott OBE (@QUBFoodProf) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/QUBFoodProf\/status\/1242365749911531521?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 24, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Overweight and obese people are more likely to exhibit other coronavirus risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes, which undoubtedly explains some of the increase in severe illness and death among patients. However, the condition may pose risks of its own. Obesity is known to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.obesityaction.org\/community\/article-library\/obesity-and-the-immune-system\/\">suppress the immune system<\/a>, and excess weight also makes it more difficult for the diaphragm and lungs to operate.<\/p>\n<p>The data from other viral infections is not encouraging. Studies have shown that obese people are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5711276\/\">twice as likely<\/a> to suffer illness from seasonal influenza, that they are more likely <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/218\/9\/1378\/5051913\">to transmit influenza<\/a>, and even that excess weight <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2019\/11\/24\/782079520\/excess-weight-can-weaken-the-flu-shot\">makes the flu vaccine less effective<\/a>. In the 2009 \u2018swine flu\u2019 pandemic, obese patients were far more likely <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/52\/3\/301\/307314\">to require hospitalization and to die<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Some have even <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medpagetoday.com\/infectiousdisease\/covid19\/85553\">speculated<\/a> as to whether or not the comparatively slow growth of the epidemic in South Korea and Japan can be at least partially attributed to the relative fitness of the populations there. Both nations have some of the very lowest obesity rates in the world, especially among adult males, the population most likely to suffer negative COVID-19 outcomes.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>The Obesity Pandemic<\/h3>\n<p>Even Japan and South Korea, however, are losing battles with the rise of obesity. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldobesity.org\/news\/world-obesity-day-all-countries-significantly-off-track-to-meet-2025-who-targets-on-obesity\">A March 4<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0report by the World Obesity Federation<\/a>\u00a0(WOF) indicates that literally every nation on earth is experiencing rising levels of obesity.<\/p>\n<p>Years ago the United Nations has set a goal to for all member nations to \u201chalt the rise in diabetes and obesity\u201d by the year 2025. With five years to go, that goal already seems unreachable. Not just unreachable for the world as a whole, but unreachable in every single nation individually. As the WOF report states, \u201call countries are worryingly off track to meet the 2025 global targets to which they have committed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The targets were part of an effort to reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases: cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. Obesity is a significant risk factor for all of these conditions,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/obesity\/obesity-fact-sheet#what-is-known-about-the-relationship-between-obesity-and-cancer-\">even many cancers<\/a>, and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.obesityaction.org\/community\/article-library\/obesity-and-type-2-diabetes\/\">connection between obesity and Type 2 diabetes<\/a>\u00a0is well-known.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the very skinniest nations are now seeing the greatest rises in obesity. In the last two decades the greatest proportional increases in obesity have belonged to countries such as Laos, Vietnam, and Rwanda, countries that still rank among the least obese but by 2025 will likely see the rates of obesity double and triple since 2010.<\/p>\n<p>The rise of obesity among children is particularly concerning. Between 2010 and 2016, the rate of global childhood obesity rose from 4.9% to 6.8%, and by 2025 could be as high as 10.5%. In Vietnam, for example, a scant 1% of adolescents were found to be obese in 2010, but by 2025 that is projected to be as high as 6.8%. For reference, in the United States over 20% of adolescents (ages 5-19) are considered obese. In several nations, particularly those with comparatively lean adult populations, children are now\u00a0<em>more likely to be obese than adults<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The World Obesity Foundation declared March 4 to be World Obesity Day, but the declaration was understandably buried under the avalanche of news of the COVID-19 pandemic, which at that time had just gained a foothold in many nations outside of its origin in China. Perhaps by next year we\u2019ll have more solid information on whether or not the novel coronavirus can be added to the list of obesity\u2019s serious negative health consequences.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":437,"featured_media":52063,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1587],"tags":[10062,230],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.9 (Yoast SEO v22.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Worse COVID-19 Outcomes?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An increasing number of doctors and public health experts are beginning to ask aloud how significant obesity is as a risk factor for complications from the coronavirus.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=52038\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ross Wollen\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=52038\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=52038\",\"name\":\"Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Worse COVID-19 Outcomes?\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=52038#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=52038#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/iStock_OverweightWomanonScale-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-03-27T14:12:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-03-27T14:36:22+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/#\/schema\/person\/dad5417f3e14b1fd142730c7fa616283\"},\"description\":\"An increasing number of doctors and public health experts are beginning to ask aloud how significant obesity is as a risk factor for complications from the coronavirus.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=52038#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=52038\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=52038#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/iStock_OverweightWomanonScale-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/iStock_OverweightWomanonScale-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1707,\"caption\":\"Overweight woman using scales indoors\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?p=52038#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Worse COVID-19 Outcomes?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/\",\"name\":\"ASweetLife\",\"description\":\"The Diabetes Magazine\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/#\/schema\/person\/dad5417f3e14b1fd142730c7fa616283\",\"name\":\"Ross Wollen\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/asweetlife.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3baf28ef14013e66fec763fe108e4bff?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3baf28ef14013e66fec763fe108e4bff?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Ross Wollen\"},\"description\":\"Ross Wollen is a chef and writer based in Maine's Midcoast region. 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